Evidence indicates that the activation of TLR3 in RA FLS increases VEGF and IL-8 production and upregulates the genes for these proteins at the transcriptional level after stimulation of FLS with the TLR3 ligand, a polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) [11]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.