In conclusion, our data indicates the involvement of EBV DNA in inflammatory reactions via the modulation of two major cell compartments with relatively opposing functions; on one hand, inducing Th17 cells which contribute to the development of inflammation and autoimmunity by producing IL-17A, and on the other hand, repressing regulatory T cell activities which are responsible for suppressing inflammation and restricting the development of autoimmunity. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is Autoimmunity.