It could be involved in the pathogenesis of brain edemain some CABM patients via an increase in vascular permeability, although VEGFinhibition did not diminish cerebral edema.(26,27) However, VEGF production stimulation is notlimited to the CSF, as it was first demonstrated that S. pneumoniaewas capable of inducing VEGF production by human neutrophils in the peripheralblood.(28) This phenomenon may constitute a mechanism ofhypotension via increased vascular permeability and third-space fluid loss. Here, VEGFA is linked to brain edema.