TSC1 and Alzheimer disease: Transgenic overexpression of mTOR in murine brains culminates in cortical atrophy and neurodegeneration (Kassai, Sugaya, Noda, Nakao, & Maeda, 2014), while conditional knockout of Tsc1 (TSC complex subunit 1), an mTOR inhibitor, has also successfully induced the neurodegenerative abnormalities in mouse brains, a phenocopy of AD pathophysiology (Carson, Nielen, Winzenburger, & Ess, 2012) (Table 2).