LEP and Insulin resistance: Banks et al. (2003) found that a subset of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) with access to anthropogenic food waste had higher body mass with corresponding insulin resistance and elevated serum levels of glucose. These yellow baboons also had higher levels of leptin (Banks et al., 2003), a peptide hormone produced primarily within adipocytes (Friedman and Halaas, 1998). Leptin is linked to appetite control, fat metabolism and energy balance in many mammals (Friedman and Halaas, 1998), and is associated with adiposity in several species (Suzuki et al., 2004; Spady et al., 2009).