The results of growth curves showed that either knockout of host-derived or knockdown of tumor cell-derived CCL5 alone significantly decreased the tumor growth and deficiency of both host-derived and tumor cell-derived CCL5 dramatically inhibited the tumor growth, compared to the control group (Fig. 1a, b), even though the in vitro growth pattern of CT26shCCL5 was similar to that of CT26shNTC (Supplementary Fig. 1E). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and neoplasm.