Reduced levels of CREB and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) have been shown in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA) of alcohol-preferring (P) adult rats, which display heightened anxiety-like behavior and increased alcohol consumption as compared with alcohol non-preferring (NP) rats25. This evidence concerns the gene CREB1 and Anxiety.