Recent studies show that the synthesis and activation of macrophage inflammatory mediators are regulated by inflammasome cascades and there is an increased interest in the role of NLRP inflammasomes in neonatal lung injury, particularly BPD as the NLRP-3 inflammasome has been shown to play a critical role in clinical BPD and hyperoxia-induced BPD in neonatal mice [62]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.