TLR1 and tuberculosis: Other genes such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 that are involved in the initial recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to trigger the activation of the effector mechanisms of innate immunity and subsequent targeting of the specific adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have also been associated with susceptibility or resistance to TB (6, 9, 10).