One of the studies in question reported relatively low serum IL-10 levels with high HbA1c and high blood glucose levels (van Exel et al., 2002), while other studies showed significantly increased IL-10 serum levels in GDM women and type 2 DM patients (Atègbo et al., 2006; Al-Shukaili et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and gestational diabetes.