Immunostaining showed that the ratio of β-cells co-expressing Pdx-1 downregulated from 80.25% in normal control to <30% in the T2D group, while significantly up-regulated to 54.75 in the hUC-MSCs group, consistent with the restored β-cell function we observed (Fig. 2c). The gene discussed is PDX1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.