Additionally, IL4Rα can be induced by cytokines such as IL427, suggesting that the high expression levels of IL4Rα in the early-progressed BPH tissues may be due to an increase in M2 macrophage infiltration, which produces IL4 that acts in a paracrine manner, affecting the fibroblasts and inducing the expression of its receptor. Here, IL4R is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.