ACTA1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: The α-SMA percent area densities were 0.46 ± 0.07, 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.35 ± 0.08 (P < 0.001, compared to those in both the age-matched prostate and elderly BPH groups; Fig. 1c), while the stroma–epithelium ratios were 4.65 ± 2.41, 2.03 ± 1.32 and 1.23 ± 0.45 (P < 0.001, compared to those in the control groups; Fig. 1c) in the early-progressed BPH, age-matched prostate and elderly BPH groups, respectively.