In a sample of older HIV-infected subjects aged 60–84, the presence of at least one Apoε4 allele was associated with decreased executive functioning on cognitive testing, with reduced brain white matter integrity, and with brain atrophy most prominent in the posterior corpus callosum and thalamus, as measured by MRI with DTI imaging (Wendelken et al. 2016). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is Brain atrophy.