APOE and Cognitive impairment: But with the advent of ART, the spectrum of neurological disease has shifted over the past two decades towards a more chronic NCI encompassed by ANI and MND (McArthur et al. 2010), and that has similarities to cognitive impairments seen in uninfected aging populations that are affected by host genetic factors (e.g., apolipoprotein E) and acquired organ-related or systemic conditions (e.g., vascular disease).