APOE and Mental deterioration: In a longitudinal study of “relatively high functioning” men and women aged 70 to 79 years (MacArthur Successful Aging Study), initial modest cognitive decline in naming and spatial ability was noted in Apoε4 carriers (Bretsky et al. 2003); by 7 years, Apoε4 carriers were twice as likely to have global cognitive score declines compared to noncarriers (subjects with no Apoε4 allele).