MIF and dengue disease: Increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-15, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and chemokines CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL10 (IP-10) among others, have been reported in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) when compared to dengue fever (DF) [2,3].