In our study, we checked the expression of immune checkpoints/ligand including PD-1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3, and PD-L1 and found that PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, and LAG-3 were upregulated in breast tumor tissues, compared with normal tissues (Fig. 1a). This evidence concerns the gene TIGIT and breast neoplasm.