We followed up on three genes that were relevant to RCC pathogenesis and have not been implicated as targets of YM155, namely CYLD (cylindromatosis, a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-κB transcription activity), FOXO1 (a tumour suppressor that mediates cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis) and ID1 (an inhibitor of DNA binding that suppresses transcriptional activation of HLH proteins which leads to tumour growth and angiogenesis)13. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.