C3 and lupus nephritis: As we have already found SSB antibody is a valuable parameters for AI and CI prediction, further study is needed to accurately assess the titer of these antibodies to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and the relationship between SSB and TIL, dsDNA, C3, etc. Additionally, some other indices as uric acid has previously been reported to be a sensitive variable in lupus nephritis development which correlates negatively with C3 levels27.