FARSB and calcification: Our results define a new genetic syndrome characterized by diffuse parenchymal (interstitial) lung disease, hypertension, intracranial aneurysms, cerebral calcifications, and liver cirrhosis due to compound heterozygous mutations in FARSB. These findings expand our knowledge of the diverse roles of aaRSs in human disease and further support the importance of the now well-established expanded functions of the higher eukaryote tRNA synthetases, some of which (e.g., DNA binding45, 46) may have their roots in bacterial ancestors.