It is tempting to hypothesize that, at early infection (8h in this study), INPPD5 is downregulated by mmu-miR-155-5p, leading to the production of major pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as 1L-1α and TNF-α, previously observed in macrophages [36], as a first response to infection by Leptospira. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.