BRAF and cancer: For example, the probability that somatic mutations that are acquired during a person’s lifetime in TP53 or BRAF genes increase the risk of developing malignancy and reducing lifespan is much higher than a mutation in non-coding element or in low-penetrance (low risk) cancer-susceptibility alleles or nonfunctional junk DNA or redundant genes (Davies et al. 2002; Kellis et al. 2014; Vousden and Lane 2007).