Although there are reports of the adverse effects following anti-VEGF therapy, such as tractional retinal detachment, macular hole formation, and foveal avascular zone enlargement [38], these have not been noted in our DR model; moreover, clinical trials on the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for treatment of diabetic retinopathy generally show low rates of side-effects [14, 16, 47]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is macular holes.