In agreement with our observations, Janda and colleagues identified age and TGF-β1 as independent predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA-IMT) among end-stage renal disease patients treated with peritoneal dialysis; however, they observed a positive correlation between TGF-β1 and CCA-IMT [42]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to stage 5 chronic kidney disease.