Transforming growth factor-β isoforms concentrations were significantly lower in the patients with subclinical atherosclerosis compared to patients without atherosclerosis [TGF-β1: 39.1 (30.6 – 47.5) versus 53.9 (44.1 – 65.1) ng/ml, p<0.001; TGF-β2: 1.51 (1.42 – 1.73) versus 1.83 (1.64 – 1.96) ng/ml, p<0.001; and TGF-β3: 0.43 (0.37 – 0.46) versus 0.50 (0.42 – 0.62), p<0.001 ng/ml] (Figure 1). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is atherosclerosis.