TGFB1 and colorectal cancer: A total of 1505 patients who underwent surgical intervention for colorectal cancer were recruited from March 2000 to January 2010 at Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital and investigated for gene mutations in K-ras, N-ras, H-ras, BRAF, loss of 18q, APC, p53, SMAD4, TGF-β, PIK3CA, PTEN, FBXW7, AKT1, and MSI.