Nonetheless, PTSD patients have an increased number of GR-expressing blood lymphocytes and increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids [51, 52], suggesting that measures of GR expression in blood may well reflect the effects of traumatic stress on GR expression in the brain; however, it should be noted that these populations included predominately males and any sex-specific effects of traumatic stress on GR have not been investigated. Here, NR3C1 is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.