As shown in the 2002 study by Sumi Dinda et al., T3 may regulate the cell cycle progression and proliferation of T47D cells (an estrogen-responsive human ductal carcinoma cell line that expresses detectable levels of ER) by increasing the p53 levels and inducing pRb hyperphosphorylation via a common mechanism involving the ER and T3 receptor-mediated pathways [41]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast ductal adenocarcinoma.