IRAK4 and lupus nephritis: There are four SLEmetaSig100 genes (NFAIP3, IRAK4, MYD88, TLR4) in NF-kappa B signaling pathway (S2 Fig, S2 Table) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis[35] coupled with upregulation of inflammatory cytokines [36, 37].