Despite this critical requirement for TLR/MyD88 pathway for host defense against microbial infections, other studies demonstrated that it is dispensable for the generation of antibody responses, particularly in response to experimental infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (hereafter referred to as S. typhimurium) (17, 21, 22) and Borrelia burgdorferi (23). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is infection.