Four genes (six associations: BRCA1, BRCA2, and ANK2 in ovarian cancer, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM in breast cancer) were significant in at least one individual cancer type (FDR = 0.2, referred to as ‘individual cancer ALFRED genes’) and all four genes were also significant in the pan-cancer analysis (Fig. 2d and Supplementary Data 4). Here, ATM is linked to breast carcinoma.