Consistent with the notion that a portion of the response in C9ORF72 patient brain was mediated by HSF1, 13 of the 27 transcripts identified as significantly changed in both the cerebellum and frontal cortex were among 812 genes bound by HSF1 after heat shock treatment across three human cell lines (p = 1.22*10− 12) [32], including several HSPs shown to be upregulated in the initial small C9ORF72-ALS cohort [41]. The gene discussed is HSF1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.