NPPB and Cachexia: The main findings of the study were as follows: 1) serum adropin and irisin levelswere significantly higher in the cachexia group than in the non-cachectic subjects;2) NYHA class and BNP levels, which are validated indicators of heart failure withreduced ejection fraction severity, were significantly positively associated withboth adropin and irisin levels; 3) there was a direct relation between adropin andirisin levels; 4) sensitivity of adropin and irisin were higher than theirspecificity for predicting cardiac cachexia.