Recent studies have revealed that two common haplotypes in transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) are associated with risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, most notably with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with pathological inclusions of TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) [2–4], progranulin (GRN)-related FTLD [3, 5], chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72)-mediated FTLD [6, 7] and hippocampal sclerosis of aging [8, 9]. This evidence concerns the gene TMEM106B and frontotemporal dementia.