Recent studies have revealed that two common haplotypes in transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) are associated with risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, most notably with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with pathological inclusions of TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) [2–4], progranulin (GRN)-related FTLD [3, 5], chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72)-mediated FTLD [6, 7] and hippocampal sclerosis of aging [8, 9]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.