LAMA1 and retinal degeneration: In mice, LAMA1 was shown to be expressed in the internal limiting membrane (ILM) between the retina and the vitreous body and in Bruch's membrane of the choroid, and it was reported that LAMA1 deficiency could cause abnormal cell adhesion and migration, leading to altered retinal angiogenesis, persistent vitreal fibroplasias, epiretinal membrane formation, and peripheral retinal degeneration [15, 16].