Expression of Ifi202 is upregulated by both type I and II interferons via Ifn-responsive cis-elements, termed Ifn-stimulated response elements, in the promoter region [42].There are few reports regarding the expression of Nfkbia and Nfkbie during bacterial infection; however, genetic variations within Nfkbia and Nfkbie have been shown to influence susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease [4]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.