In all cases, upregulation of microRNAs results in decreased PTEN level in the tumor cell and subsequent activation of AKT-mTOR pathways resulting in resistance to cisplatin (gastric cancer), paclitaxel (p53-mutated colon tumor), and FOLFOX (colorectal cancer) (126, 142–144, 151). Here, AKT1 is linked to colonic neoplasm.