Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were higher, whereas plasma concentrations of IL-10, which inhibits synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were lower in CF patients who received basic therapy along with azithromycin (n = 59) compared with CF patients who received basic therapy only (n = 102) (Shmarina et al., 2017). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cystic fibrosis.