Although neuritic plaques composed of beta-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the role of brain amyloid deposition in the clinical manifestation or brain atrophy of AD has been debated over decades. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.