Upon examining the colon of these animals at the end of the study, we found tumors in the colon of hMRP8 Hif-1a KO mice, and observed that the number of macroscopic tumors (Fig. 10G) or histological characteristics of these tumors, revealing adenoma formed in the submucosal layers (Fig. 10H), were comparable between hMRP8 Hif-1a KO and WT mice. Here, HIF1A is linked to adenoma.