Ltd.)reduced basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) and improved epithelial barrier function in mucin deficient (Muc2−/−) animals or DSS-induced colitis. Here, CCL8 is linked to colitis.