ATF3 and neoplasm: In this study, however, ATF3 suppressed the in vitro migration and invasion of HCT116 β-catMut or β-cat WT cells (Fig 4D, 4E and 4F), whereas ATF3 gene silencing did not significantly affect in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth in xenograft assays (Fig 4B and 4C).