This is consistent with the findings of a previous report by Liu et al., which showed that ATF3 is induced by Wnt or the ectopic expression of β-catenin and TCF in breast and prostate cancer cells, and identified the β-catenin/TCF binding consensus sequence at the proximal promoter of the ATF3 gene [40]. This evidence concerns the gene HNF4A and Familial prostate cancer.