The aim of this review is to present the results of a systematic search and analysis of the literature concerning the use of stem and stromal cells in different kidney diseases, focusing on preclinical models such as cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI induced by ischemia/reperfusion (AKI I/R), CKI, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), DN and KTx. The gene discussed is CHKA; the disease is acute kidney injury.