By contrast, Slovenian type of heart–hand syndrome (HHS IV, MIM 610140) combining conduction system disease, atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, dilated cardiomyopathy, and brachydactyly proved to be a laminopathy caused by particular mutations in LMNA gene encoding a structural intermediate filament (IF) protein of a nuclear lamina (Šinkovec et al., 2005; Renou et al., 2008; Zaragoza et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene LMNA and brachydactyly.