Using two infection doses, 3 × 103 PFU and 106 PFU, data from the survival rates, pathology, and IFN-β induction of infected mice revealed the importance of Tlr9 in the resistance to mousepox, which is consistent with the recent finding that Tlr9 is the only TLR required for resistance to mousepox. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is infection.