Notably, much higher levels of phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 were stimulated by ISD and 2′3′-cGAMP than by the ECTV infection, indicating that ECTV might express some potent immunomodulators that are involved in the modulation of TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is infection.