Hyperglycemia of diabetes could differentially interfere with transport and metabolism of nutrients, amino acids or solutes/osmolytes, (e.g., vitamin C, pyridoxine/pyridoxal phosphate, myo-inositol, leu, ala, gly) in tissues that are insulin-dependent or insulin-independent for glucose transport and metabolism and could change extra-, intracellular structures (e.g., protein/lipid glycosylation, basement membrane collagen synthesis) [5, 7, 36, 39, 79, 203–207, 221, 250–260]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.