The mice treated with MESH not only MESH-DSS group but also MESH non-DSS control group dramatically attenuated the increase in TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-1β expression levels resulting from DSS-induced colitis on day 10 (Fig. 4a) relative to those of the negtive and positive controls, although IL-6 expression was only slightly decreased and IL-10 expression slightly increased (Fig. 4a). Here, TNF is linked to colitis.