HAMP and Hypertension: Likewise, in epidemiological studies, altered hepcidin levels have been linked with metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, aortic stiffness, pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, severity of systolic HF, and with poor outcome in patients with stable and acutely decompensated HF [8,14,15,16,17,18,19].