VAPB and breast cancer: Overexpression of NAGUL-IKZF3 significantly increased cell growth and migration, compared to cells overexpressing only IKZF3. IKZF3 expression was previously demonstrated to mediate cancer metastasis by promoting anchorage independence,48 and cell proliferation of a breast cancer cell line possessing VAMP-associated protein B and C (VAPB)-IKZF3 was suppressed when IKZF3 was knocked down.49 We demonstrated that NAGUL-IKZF3 expression may influence both tumourigenesis and metastasis in CRC.