ERN1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Our results indicated that increased miR-29a expression resulted in the downregulation of IRE1a, PERK, CHOP, and spliced-X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1), a downstream profibrogenic transcription factor for IRE1α [28], in cholestatic livers and HSCs, which then protected against HSC activation and liver fibrosis [18].