INS and Insulin resistance: One possible mechanism is that the growth of adipose tissue and infiltration of immune cells lead to the increase of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [6,7,8,9], which cause increased insulin resistance from insulin-sensitive tissues by decreasing insulin signaling [10,11].