CXCL9 and viral infectious disease: However, replication of other hepatotropic viruses like mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) may exhibit a different pattern since direct involvement of the BDL-downregulated chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in anti-MHV defense has already been shown, highlighting that host- virus interactions are not generalizable, even though the liver tissue provides a common environment as starting point for virus infection [54,55].