Among all DM patients, the anti-MDA5 Ab-positive patients have significantly poor short-term mortality over the first 6 months after diagnosis, whereas no significant difference in the long-term mortality over the first 2 years post-diagnosis was observed between anti-MDA5 Ab-positive patients and anti-MDA5 Ab-negative patients, suggesting that anti-MDA5 Ab-positive patients experience less relapses over the long term.[5] However, there have been no sufficient studies of the long-term prognosis and relapse rate of anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM patients after remission. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and dermatomyositis.